PRE-PROFESSIONAL SEQUENCES

Pre-professional sequences are not degree programs (e.g. major or minor) at WSU. These programs are preparatory for a degree at another college or university. WSU offers pre-professional sequences in dentistry, engineering, law, medicine (allopathic and osteopathic), optometry, pharmacy, physician assistant, physical therapy, podiatry, and veterinary medicine.

PRE-DENTISTRY

Pasteur Hall, Room 230 (507-457-5272)
Dr. David Essar, Advisor

RECOMMENDED COURSES

This program has been planned especially for students expecting to enter the School of Dentistry at the University of Minnesota. However, this program also meets the needs of at least 90 percent of U.S. dental schools. Most entering dental students have a bachelor's degree. Students planning to enter dental schools other than the University of Minnesota should consult the catalog of their chosen schools. A complete list of all dental schools in the United States as well as links to the specific programs can be found at http://www.adea.org/DMS/Instlinks/default.htm. All pre-dentistry students are encouraged to consult with the advisor to help plan their program. Most pre-dentistry students follow either the Allied Health option or the Cell and Molecular option as described under the Biology Department's programs.
Students must take the Dental Admission Test no later than October of the academic year prior to the planned entrance date into the dental school of choice.
ENG 111 College Reading and Writing (4)
Upper-division English intensive writing courses (3- 6 S.H.):
ENG 210 Advanced Expository Writing (3) AND/OR
ENG 222 Introduction to Creative Writing (3)†
CMST 191 Introduction to Public Speaking (3)
BIOL 241, 242 Basics of Life, Organismal Diversity (8)
MATH 120 Precalculus and MATH 140 Applied Calculus OR
MATH 160, 165 Calculus I, II (8)
CHEM 212, 213 Principles of Chemistry I, II (8)
CHEM 350, 351 Organic Chemistry I, II (9)
BIOL 201 Human Anatomy (4)
PHYS 201, 202 General Physics I, II (8)
PSY 210 Introduction to Psychological Science (3)
CHEM 400, 401 Biochemistry I, II (7)

† The University of Minnesota School of Dentistry requires 8 semester hours of English with an emphasis on the intensive writing component.

ELECTIVES
Electives should be chosen to give students a broad liberal arts education within the limits of time available. Electives from the following areas are suggested: sculpturing, cell biology, genetics, immunology, microbiology, histology, accounting, computer science, and business.

PRE-ENGINEERING
Stark Hall, Room 203 (507-457-5685)
Department of Engineering Advisor

The following courses are recommended for a pre-engineering sequence. However, it is strongly recommended that students seek the advice of an advisor from the Department of Engineering for specific course recommendations and class schedules.

Chemistry - CHEM
212 Principles of Chemistry I (4)
213 Principles of Chemistry II (4)
Computer Science – CS
234 Algorithms and Problems Solving I (4) OR ENGR 210 (3)
Mathematics - MATH
160 Calculus I (4)
165 Calculus II (4)
260 Multivariable Calculus (4)
270 Differential Equations and Linear Algebra (4)
Physics - PHYS
221 University Physics I (4)
222 University Physics II (4)
302 Electrical Circuits and Systems (3)
Engineering - ENGR
102 Introduction to Engineering (2)
182 Engineering Graphics and Design (2)
210 Computer Applications in Engineering (3) OR CS 234 (4)
250 Statics (3)
260 Mechanics of Materials (3)
270 Dynamics (3)
300 Thermodynamics (3)
English - ENG
111 College Reading and Writing (4)
University Studies Courses

PRE-LAW
Minné Hall, Room 209 (507-457-5411)
Dr. Kurt Hohenstein, Advisor

University law schools require completion of a bachelor's degree or its equivalent before entering law school. It is, therefore, suggested that interested students follow a program that provides a breadth of knowledge with in-depth study in areas that promote critical thinking and written and oral communication skills. Many pre-law students major in English, history, law and society, paralegal, political science, or economics. Other departmental majors also provide an excellent background for law school.
All students interested in pre-law are encouraged to contact the pre-law advisor concerning questions on majors, minors, grade point averages, internship and volunteer activities, law school admission tests, personal statements, and law schools in the United States.

PRE-MEDICINE
(ALLOPATHIC AND OSTEOPATHIC)
Pasteur Hall, Room 220 (507-457-5271)
http://bio.winona.edu/biohp/acad_deg.htm
Dr. Ed Thompson, Advisor (Biology)

Pasteur Hall, Room 350 and 342 (507-457-2476 and 507-457-5294)
http://www.winona.edu/chemistry/premednew.htm
Dr. Thomas Nalli and Dr. Sara Hein, Advisors (Chemistry)

With few exceptions, admission into a medical school requires a bachelor's degree but does not require a specific undergraduate major. Each pre-medical student should, therefore, choose a major in which he or she has a strong interest while working closely with a pre-medical advisor to be certain that prerequisite courses for medical schools are completed. In the Biology Department, most pre-medical students choose the Cell and Molecular option. In the Chemistry Department, most pre-medical students choose the Biochemistry Option.
Admission to the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Medical School, Mayo School of Medicine, and the University of Minnesota-Duluth Medical School requires completion of a four-year degree which includes:
Biology with lab (2 semesters/1 year)
General chemistry with lab (2 semesters/1 year)
Organic chemistry with lab (2 semesters/1 year)
Calculus (1 semester)
Physics with lab (2 semesters/1 year)
Biochemistry (1 semester)
English (2 semesters/1 year)
Social and behavioral sciences (4 semesters/2 years)

These same requirements are applicable to the majority of both allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools in the United States. Pre-medical students should seek the advice of a pre-medical advisor during their first semester at WSU, and they should consult the catalogs of the medical schools of their choice for more specific requirements. The Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) should be taken no later than August prior to the year in which applications will be submitted. MCAT application and AMCAS packets are available online; the pre-medical advisors will help students access these applications.

RECOMMENDED COURSES
Note: ENG 111, CHEM 212 and 213, and BIOL 241 and 242 should be taken during the first year of college.
English
ENG 111 College Reading and Writing (4)
Biology
BIOL *241, *242 Basics of Life, Organismal Diversity (8)
BIOL 201, 323 Human Anatomy (4), General Physiology (4)
# BIOL 308 Cell Biology (3)
# BIOL 310 Genetics (3)
BIOL 409 General Microbiology (4)
Mathematics and Statistics
MATH 160 Calculus I (4) OR
MATH 140 Applied Calculus (3)
STAT 305 Biometry (3)
Chemistry
CHEM *212, *213 Principles of Chemistry I, II (8)
CHEM 350, 351 Organic Chemistry I, II (9)
# CHEM 400 Biochemistry I (4)
CHEM 401 Biochemistry II (3)
Physics
PHYS *201, *202 General Physics I, II (8) OR
PHYS *221, *222, 223 University Physics I, II (8)
Psychology
PSY *210 Introduction to Psychological Science (3)
PSY 250 Developmental Psychology (3)
300-400 level Humanities (3)
300-400 level Psychology (3)

OTHER COURSES TO COMPLETE REQUIRED CREDIT
Students should consult with their advisor for those courses necessary to complete a B.S. or B.A. degree.

PRE-OPTOMETRY
Pasteur Hall, Room 219
Dr. Frances Ragsdale, Advisor

The course of study is designed according to the graduate school chosen by the student. All applicants must have completed at least three years of college work. The Optometry Admissions Test is required for admission to a professional optometry school. This test is usually given in February and October. Most pre-optometry students follow the
pre-medical curriculum with a major in Biology, either the Allied Health option or the Cell and Molecular option. Students should meet early with an advisor to plan their programs of courses.

PRE-PHARMACY
Chemistry Department
Pasteur Hall, Room 350 and 342 (507-457-2476 and 457-5294)
http://www.winona.edu/chemistry/prepharm/default.htm
Dr. Thomas W. Nalli and Dr. Sara Hein, Advisors

This program meets the requirements of most pharmacy colleges but especially those of the University of Minnesota and the University of Wisconsin. Students planning to attend other schools should consult the respective catalogs.

Biology - 8 or 11 S.H.
For the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
BIOL 201 Human Anatomy (4)
BIOL 209 Microbiology (3)
BIOL 241 Basics of Life (4)
For the University of Wisconsin-Madison
BIOL 241 Basics of Life (4)
BIOL 242 Organismal Diversity (4)
Chemistry - 17 S.H.
CHEM 212 Principles of Chemistry I (4)
CHEM 213 Principles of Chemistry II (4)
CHEM 350 Principles of Organic Chemistry I (4)
CHEM 351 Principles of Organic Chemistry II (5)
Mathematics and Physics - 12 S.H.
MATH 160 Calculus I (4)
PHYS 201 General Physics I (4) OR PHYS 221 University Physics I (4)
PHYS 202 General Physics II (4) OR PHYS 222 University Physics II (4)
Language Skills - 4 or 10 S.H.
For the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
ENG 111 College Reading and Writing (4)
ENG 210 Advanced Expository Writing (3) OR another upper- level English course (3)
CMST 191 Introduction to Public Speaking (3)
For the University of Wisconsin-Madison
ENG 111 College Reading and Writing (4)
Social Sciences - 9 S.H.
ECON 201 Principles of Microeconomics (3)
PSY 210 Introduction to Psychological Science (3)
SOC 150 Introduction to Sociology (3)
Ethnic Studies - 3 S.H.
For the University of Wisconsin-Madison
SOC 340, ENG 220, HIST 220, OR HIST 235

Students must choose additional elective courses from the social sciences and the humanities. Students should consult with their advisor for recommendations on these electives. Students not meeting the prerequisites for MATH 160 must take additional lower-level math courses. Students exempted from ENG 111 must elect higher-level English courses.

PRE-PHYSICAL THERAPY
Admission into a graduate school of physical therapy requires a bachelor's degree. Each pre-physical therapy student should, therefore, choose an area in which to major that provides a background of skills and competencies and allows application to and successful admission into a physical therapy program upon graduation from WSU. The Department of Biology and the Department of Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences have advisors available to assist students in planning their programs of study for pre-physical therapy.

Biology
Pasteur Hall, Room 220 (507) 457-5271
http://bio.winona.edu/biohp/acad_deg.htm
Dr. Edward Thompson, Advisor

Admission to a graduate-level physical therapy program is very competitive; the minimum requirements are:
• Biology: 12 S.H., including a complete introductory course in the principles of biology and advanced coursework in biology, which builds upon the introductory courses.
• Chemistry: 12 S. H., consisting of a complete introductory course in the principles of chemistry and organic chemistry.
• Physics: 8 S. H., consisting of a complete introductory course.
• Psychology: 6 S. H.
• Human Anatomy: 3 S. H.
• Human Physiology: 3 S. H.
• Statistics: 3 S.H.
• Mathematics: 3 S. H. of college trigonometry or higher (calculus is usually required).
• English composition and literature: 8 S. H.
• A GPA of 3.5 or better, a GRE (general test) of 1000 (verbal and quantitative).
• A genuine interest in people and the health of others, especially as shown by about six months of involvement (volunteer or otherwise) in patient care and/or research at a health care facility.

All physical therapy schools require upper-division courses such as histology, endocrinology, genetics, microbiology, parasitology, molecular biology, neuroscience, cell biology, cell physiology, embryology, biochemistry, kinesiology, and physiology of exercise. All of these upper-level science courses have chemistry or biology prerequisites. It is expected that applicants will exceed the minimum admission requirements in several of the above subject categories. It is strongly suggested that students consider career-related courses such as biomechanics, pharmacology, and pathophysiology whenever possible.
Most pre-physical therapy students at WSU major in either the Biology program's Allied Health option or Cell and Molecular option; both options are described in the Biology Department section on page 58. These biology major programs do not require a minor and provide the student with extensive training in the life and physical sciences as well as mathematics. With the biology major, the student is eligible to apply to master's and doctorate physical therapy programs.
When they arrive on campus, students who are interested in entering a physical therapy program after graduation should meet with the pre-physical therapy advisor, Dr. Thompson, to plan their programs of study. Pre-physical therapy students are encouraged to apply to the graduate school of their choice early in their senior year.

Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences
Memorial Hall, Room 103 (507-457-5219)
www.winona.edu/hers/
Email: gkastello@winona.edu
Dr. Gary Kastello, Advisor

The Department of Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences (HERS) provides additional opportunities for pre-physical therapy majors via the Movement Science option (page 129). Without exception, admission into physical therapy requires a bachelor's degree. The bachelor's degree needs to meet prerequisites for a graduate physical therapy program. These prerequisites include a well-rounded offering of courses from the natural and life sciences, movement science, and nursing. The Movement Science major is specifically designed to meet the prerequisites for master's and doctoral physical therapy programs. In addition to the core courses in Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, each student is required to develop an appropriate movement science research project. The specifically designed curriculum coupled with undergraduate research experience places these students in an excellent position for matriculation into the physical therapy graduate program of their choice.
Dr. Gary Kastello is available to advise students on career opportunities in physical therapy. Dr. Kastello has an M.S. in Exercise Physiology, a Ph.D. in Biological Science, and two years of teaching experience in a Physical Therapy Program.
The required courses within the HERS Movement Science option are as follows:
Health, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences - HERS (44-47 S.H.)
204 Personal and Community Health (3)
205 Nutrition for Lifetime Wellness (3)
235 Professional Issues in Exercise Science (3)
280 Techniques in Fitness Programming (2)
291 Prevention and Care of Athletic Injuries (2)
314 Anatomical Kinesiology (2)
340 Physiology of Exercise (4)
360 Nutrition for the Physically Active (3)
364 Practicum in Movement Science (1-3)
370 Mechanical Kinesiology (3)
380 Lab Methods in Exercise Science (3)
389 Strength and Conditioning Principles (3)
390 Movement Science Research and Design (3)
403 Epidemiology (3)
412 Movement Science Data Collection (3)
445 Medical Aspects of Exercise (3)
Physical Education and Sport Science - PESS (3 S.H.)
300 Motor Learning (3)
Biology - BIOL (12 S.H.)
211 Anatomy and Physiology I (4)
212 Anatomy and Physiology II (4)
241 Basics of Life (4) OR
242 Organismal Diversity (4)
Nursing - NURS (4 S.H.)
360 Pharmacology (1)
366 Pathophysiology (3)
Mathematics and Statistics (7 S.H.)
STAT 110 Statistics (3)
MATH 120 Precalculus (4)
Psychology - PSY (12 S.H.)
210 Introduction to Psychological Science (3)
250 Developmental Psychology (3)
420 Abnormal Psychology (3)
Chemistry - CHEM (8 S.H.)
212 Principles of Chemistry I (4)
213 Principles of Chemistry II (4)
Sociology - SOC (3 S.H.)
150 Introduction to Sociology (3)
Computer Sciences - CS (3 S.H.)
130 Introduction to BASIC Programming (3) OR
116 Web Technology (3) (Preferred)

PRE-PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT
Pasteur Hall, Room 230 (507) 457-5272
Dr. David Essar, Advisor

The course of study is designed according to the school chosen by the student. A complete list of accredited physician assistant programs can be found at http://www.aapa.org/pgmlist.php3. Most pre-physician assistant students follow the pre-medical curriculum with a major in biology, either the Allied Health option or the Cell and Molecular option. Most physician assistant programs require a bachelor's degree for admission. Students should meet early with an advisor to plan their programs of courses.

PRE-PODIATRY
Pasteur Hall, Room 220, (507) 457-5271
http://bio.winona.edu/biohp/acad_deg.htm
Dr. Edward Thompson, Advisor

With few exceptions, podiatry schools require completion of a bachelor's degree or its equivalent before admission. Therefore, each pre-podiatry student should choose an area of interest in which to major. However, because entrance requirements vary among podiatry schools, the course of study will be specifically designed according to the graduate school the student chooses. Most pre-podiatry students follow the pre-medical curriculum with a major in biology, either the Allied Health option or the Cell and Molecular option. Students should meet early with an advisor to plan their programs of study.

PRE-VETERINARY MEDICINE
Pasteur Hall, Room 236, (507) 457-5855
http://bio.winona.edu/biohp/acad_deg.htm
Dr. Emmanuel Brako, Advisor

This program is designed for entry into the University of Minnesota (U of M) College of Veterinary Medicine. All applicants must have completed at least three years of college work. A degree in biology or chemistry fits best with the required courses, but other degrees are acceptable.

All applicants must take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). Applicants must also apply through the Veterinary Medical College Application Service (VMCAS), and they must meet the application deadline of October 1. For general admission and other useful information, applicants are encouraged to visit the VMCAS website at www.aavmc.org; then click on VMCAS. Students planning to apply to other schools of veterinary medicine should consult the entry requirements of their chosen veterinary schools. Students should meet early with an advisor to plan their programs of study.

REQUIRED COURSES
These courses fulfill the entrance requirements of the University of Minnesota School of Veterinary Medicine. These courses do not constitute a degree. For degree requirements, see the Biology Program or Chemistry Program requirements in this catalog.

Biology
BIOL *241, *242 Basics of Life, Organismal Diversity (8)
# BIOL 310 Genetics (3)
BIOL 409 General Microbiology (4)
Chemistry
CHEM *212, *213 Principles of Chemistry I, II (8)
CHEM 350, 351 Organic Chemistry I, II (9)
CHEM 400 Biochemistry (4)
Communication Studies
CMST 191 Introduction to Public Speaking (3)
English
ENG 111 College Reading and Writing (4)
Mathematics
MATH 120 Precalculus (4) OR MATH 160 Calculus I (4)
Physics
PHYS *201, *202 General Physics I, II (8)

ELECTIVES
STAT 110 (3 S.H.), Fundamentals of Statistics, is not required, but is recommended by the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine.

12 to 18 elective credits to be chosen from the two groups below:
• History and Social Sciences (6-9 credits): Economics (recommended), geography, history, political science, psychology, social science, and sociology courses.
• Arts and Humanities (6-9 credits): Art, literature, music, philosophy, theater, religion, and foreign language literature courses. The U of M College of Veterinary Medicine does not accept introductory and intermediate language courses as arts and humanities courses. (Additional courses are required for students who do not earn a bachelor's degree at WSU; see the U of M College of Veterinary Medicine Catalog.)