US Digital topography

US Satellite image - false color

US Landforms - Raisz map

Physiographic provinces of North America

Atlantic Ocean Basin - Heezen and Tharp

Pacific and Indian Ocean Basins - Heezen and Tharp

Satellite map of Minnesota's topography - digital color

Satellite map of Minnesota's topography - black and white

Satellite map of Minnesota's topography - false color

Satellite map of Minnesota's topography, with prominent belts of lakes shown

Physiographic Regions of Minnesota

Bedrock Geology of Minnesota

Bedrock exposure in Minnesota

Bedrock exposure and thickness of glacial deposits

Cross Section of Minnesota Rock Types (north-south)

Cross Section of Minnesota's Time-Stratigraphic Units (north-south)

Cross Section of Minnesota's Geologic Terranes (north-south)

Gravity and Magnetic Map of Minnesota 1

Gravity and Magnetic Map of Minnesota 2

Surficial Deposits in Minnesota 1

Surficial Deposits in Minnesota 2

Bedrock Terranes by rock type and generalized age

Bedrock Terranes by age

Plate Tectonics and Minnesota Geology

• Convection Currents and cross section of plate movements
• Quakes and Plates
• Plates - map
• Another Plates map
• Rifting and plate tectonics
• Ocean Basin Tectonic Cycle 1
• Ocean Basin Tectonic Cycle 2
• Faults
• Continents in the Ordovician
• Precambrian geology of Minnesota
• Great Lakes Tectonic Zone
• Midcontinent rift
• Another regional map view of the mid-continent rift
• Gravity map of US showing mid-continent rift
• Contour map of gravitational field in mid-continent rift
• Midcontinent rift in Minnesota - oblique cutaway
• Midcontinent rift basin in vicinity of Twin Cities

Earthquakes and Internal Structure of Earth

• Minnesota Earthquake Hazard Map
• US Earthquake Hazard Map
• Midcontinent earthquake compared to San Andreas Fault earthquake
• Mercalli Intensity Map of 1975 Morris, MN Earthquake
• Elastic Rebound Theory
• Focus and Epicenter
• P and S Waves
• Surface waves
• How to locate an earthquake
• Determining the Richter Scale
• Internal structure of the Earth
• Internal structure of the Earth 2
• Structure of the upper mantle and crust
• Isostasy

Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

• Silica Tetrahedron
• Global distribution of volcanism
• Formation of magmas and metamorphic rocks at subduction zones
• Plutonic bodies
• Granite Quarry - Minnesota River Valley
• Granite Texture - phaneritic (coarse)
• Basalt cross-cutting granite
• xCross cutting relationships
• Sill and dike in limestone
• Dike at Shiprock
• Lava flow entering sea
• Shield volcano (Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii)
• Pillow lavas, Hawaii
• Pillow Lavas - Gilbert, MN
• Igneous rock classification
• Texture of igneous rocks
• Cascadia Subduction Zone and volcanism in Cascade Range
• Mt. St. Helens - Stratovolcano or composite cone
• Glass Mountain - viscous lava flows
• Regional metamorphism at subduction zones
• Gneiss at Montevideo
• Gneiss showing folds
• Another folded gneiss
• Schist in thin section
• Foliation
• Metamorphic grades

Sedimentary Rocks

• Sources for siliciclastic and carbonate rocks
• Depositional environments
• Mississippi River Delta - satellite image
• Barrier island-tidal inlet - satellite image
• sedimentary rock classification
• Conglomerate
• Cross bedding in sandstone
• Bi-polar cross-bedding in sandstone
• Graded bedding and turbidity currents

Principles of Earth History

• Distinguishing lava flow from sill on basis of contact metamorphism
• Principle of inclusions to differentiate between a granite intruded into country rock, and a granite with a non-conformity above
• Use of fossil assemblages to correlate units, and to recognize unconformities
• Formation of an unconformity
• Angular unconformity
• Disconformity
• Nonconformity
• Simple cross section to illustrate use of superposition and cross-cutting relationships to work out geologic history
• More complex cross section to illustrate use of superposition, cross-cutting relationships, and original horizontality to work out geologic history
• Types of radioactive decay
• Decay curve showing both the disappearance of parent and the appearance of daughter
• Decay curve
• Radiometric dating of igneous rocks
• Radiometric dating of metamorphic rocks