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> > Trees of Winona State University > Glossary
Glossary of Terms The authors have compiled this glossary of terms used in the text which may be unfamiliar to the casual reader, or that may have applied connotation in horticulture not immediately apparent to those outside the field. Acid Soil – soil with a low pH value, less than 7 Alkaline Soil – soil with a high pH value, greater than 7 Alternate – leaves that are arranged singly along a twig, not in pairs Bark – the outer covering of a tree trunk and branches Bisexual – a plant that creates flowers with both male and female organs in the same flower Bract – a modified or scale-like leaf usually found at the base of a fruit or flower Branch – a secondary division of a tree trunk Catkin – a compact cluster of stalkless flowers, usually unisexual Chlorophyll – the green coloring matter found in plants and trees Chlorosis – abnormal plant condition resulting from a deficiency of green pigment, usually caused by lack of adequate chlorophyll producing light, mineral deficiency or genetic disorder Cluster – a group of two or more flowers or fruit occurring close together Compound Leaf – a leaf made up of two or more smaller leaflets Cone – a conical fruit most often associated with Pine trees, and usually consisting of overlapping scales arranged around a central axis and containing a seed Conifer – a tree or shrub that bears cone fruit, usually evergreen with needle-like leaves Cultivar – a plant variety created for specific features by propagation or by inbred seed Deciduous – a tree that drops its leaves, usually annually, and remains leafless for part of the year; not evergreen Double-flowered – blooms with more than the usual number of petals, usually in the form of extra rows of petals within a bloom Evergreen – tree leaves that remain green year-round Exfoliate – to peel off in thin layers, as in tree bark that cracks and peels Family – a group of plants in a related genera which share specific characteristics not found in other families Fruit – the fully developed ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds, as in a berry, pome or nut Hardiness – a plant's ability to withstand weather extremes such as summer heat and dryness or winter cold Horticulture – cultivation of plants for a specific purpose such as food, ornament or production of products from the plant material such as wood for fuel, pulp for paper, etc. Hybrid – the offspring of two parent plants that belong to different genera, species or sub-species Leaflet – a leaf-like subdivison of a compound leaf Legume – a pod-like, fruit of the pea and/or bean family Lenticel – a corky spot or pores on a tree branch or twig which persist on the bark and allow air to get to the plant's interior Lobe – an individual usually rounded segment of a cleft leaf or petal Midrib – the central vein or primary rib of a leaf or leaflet Native – a plant or tree that occurs naturally in an area; not introduced by man Naturalized – plant or tree that has been established in an area other than its place of origin and continues to reproduce there successfully Nectar – the secretions of glands that usually occur in many flowers but also occasionally occurs in leaves; usually sweet and attractive to insects Needle – the long, narrow leaves of conifer trees Node – the point on a stem where leaves or branches are attached Nut – dry, one-celled fruit that does not split along a natural grooved line, usually hard or bony Nutlet – small nut-like parts of a compound fruit Opposite – leaves that are arranged along a twig in pairs on either side of the twig Persistent – leaves or blooms that remain attached to a plant or tree Petiole – the stalk of a leaf pH – a symbol for identifying the measured hydrogen ion content of soil, used to express alkalinity or acidity of soil Pistil – the female structure of a plant's flower Pod – dry, one-celled fruit that splits along naturally grooved lines Pome – fruit with fleshy outer tissue and containing seeds Propagate – the act of producing new plants or trees through sowing seeds or other vegetative processes such as rooting a piece of a plant Resin – a plant secretion that may be aromatic and that is insoluble in water Seed – a fertilized plant ovule usually covered with a protective coating and contained in a fruit Serrate – leaves that have edges that appear like the teeth of a saw Simple Leaf – a leaf without a divided blade; not compound Species – a particular population of plants or animals that reproduces through breeding with each other, and that is reproductively isolated from other populations Specimen – an individual plant of a particular species Stamen – the male structure of a plant's flower Sterile – a plant that cannot produce seeds because of internal genetic make-up or because it lacks reproductive elements such as pistils and stamens Stomata – small openings in the epidermis of a plant, usually on leaves or stems, allowing for gaseous intercharge Thorn – the short, woody outgrowth of a plant's stem or branch, usually sharp, serving as a defense mechanism for the plant Trunk – the major, woody stem of a tree Variety – a population of plants that naturally occurs in a way that differs slightly from the usual form of a particular species Last Modified: Monday, July 27, 2009 9:21 by |
